Structuring integration for patient-centered care: a review-informed ontology-driven modular front-end framework for digital health innovation

Semantic interoperability remains a significant barrier in healthcare, particularly when integrating patient-reported, clinical, and genomic data to enable personalized care. Existing models rarely focus on patient-centered, ontology-driven front-end architectures based on widely adopted standardized medical ontologies and terminologies. Within broader Personal Health Data Space (PHDS) initiatives, such integration increasingly depends on front-end frameworks that enable semantic consistency and patient-centered usability across heterogeneous clinical domains and systems.